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Mirage：Disused Public Property in Taiwan

為了解決Sign up register dif的問題，作者Jui-ChungYao,LostSocietyDocument 這樣論述：

The truth that Taiwanese government was most reluctant to admit 　　5 years of research by around 200 students 　　Exposed over 400 cases of disused public facilities –This book includes 100 selected cases.   　　Often seen in places around Taiwan, these large and unused public facilities are also

known as “mosquito pavilions”. They often arise from inappropriate policies, where government, in the name of expanding internal consumptions and closing the urban and rural gaps, misjudge usage rates, implement inappropriate plans and designs, giving rise to the disused spaces around the country, a

practice that till this day still remained. This project was executed by “Lost Society Document” formed by artist YAO Jui-Chung and students, targeting public facilities that cost huge funds in construction over the recent twenty years, every year one hundred cases that required the most attention

and review was collected to form Mirage: Disused Public Property in Taiwan, over the past four years four volumes was published. This book selected one hundred critical cases from the four hundred cases exposed by the series, outlining the absurd state of Taiwanese society. In addition to providing

the public a reference for reflection, it also allowed youths who have yet to serious observed their hometown to open up an alternative dialogue through the lens of the camera.

Bryson’s Dictionary of Troublesome Words

為了解決Sign up register dif的問題，作者Bryson, Bill 這樣論述：

如果你──☆工作與生活上常用到英文☆想增強英文實力，希望把英文學得更漂亮、更精準☆喜歡英文，想了解單字背後的文化內涵這本書是您案頭絕不可少的實用良伴！比爾‧布萊森從使用者的角度，提醒大家常拼錯、常誤用的字，解釋標點符號的正確用法，及某些專有名詞的典故，甚至列出知名報章雜誌也用錯的文法！當然，還不忘偶爾展現獨一無二的幽默！ ★本書中譯本由天下文化出版。 作者簡介比爾‧布萊森(Bill Bryson)1951年出生在美國愛荷華州首府第蒙市（Des Moines），年輕歲月也在該地度過，成年後多半時間住在英國。曾任職於《波茅斯夜報》（Bournemouth Evening Echo）、《金融週報》（

Financial Weekly）與《泰晤士報》，並為《獨立報》創刊記者之一。著作包括《布萊森之英語簡史》（Mother Tongue）、《布萊森之英文超正典》（Byrson's Dictionary of Troublesome Words），以及《一腳踩進小美國》、《歐洲在發酵》、《哈！小不列顛》、《別跟山過不去》、《請問這裡是美國嗎？》、《澳洲烤焦了》等旅遊作品，和科普作品《萬物簡史》。目前和妻子及四個小孩住在英國諾福克（Norfolk）。 One of the English language's most skilled and beloved writers guides us a

ll toward precise, mistake-free grammar. As usual Bill Bryson says it best: "English is a dazzlingly idiosyncratic tongue, full of quirks and irregularities that often seem willfully at odds with logic and common sense. This is a language where 'cleave' can mean to cut in half or to hold two halv

es together; where the simple word 'set' has 126 different meanings as a verb, 58 as a noun, and 10 as a participial adjective; where if you can run fast you are moving swiftly, but if you are stuck fast you are not moving at all; and] where 'colonel, ' 'freight, ' 'once, ' and 'ache' are strikingly

at odds with their spellings." As a copy editor for the London Times in the early 1980s, Bill Bryson felt keenly the lack of an easy-to-consult, authoritative guide to avoiding the traps and snares in English, and so he brashly suggested to a publisher that he should write one. Surprisingly, the pr

oposition was accepted, and for "a sum of money carefully gauged not to cause embarrassment or feelings of overworth," he proceeded to write that book--his first, inaugurating his stellar career. Now, a decade and a half later, revised, updated, and thoroughly (but not overly) Americanized, it has

become Bryson's Dictionary of Troublesome Words, more than ever an essential guide to the wonderfully disordered thing that is the English language. With some one thousand entries, from "a, an" to "zoom," that feature real-world examples of questionable usage from an international array of publicat

ions, and with a helpful glossary and guide to pronunciation, this precise, prescriptive, and--because it is written by Bill Bryson--often witty book belongs on the desk of every person who cares enough about the language not to maul or misuse or distort it. Bill Bryson’s bestselling books includ

e A Walk in the Woods, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid, and A Short History of Nearly Everything (which won the Aventis Prize in Britain and the Descartes Prize, the European Union’s highest literary award). He was chancellor of Durham University, England’s third oldest university, from 20

05 to 2011, and is an honorary fellow of Britain’s Royal Society. Aa, an. Errors involving the indefinite articles a and an are almost certainly more often a consequence of haste and carelessness than of ignorance. They are especially common when numbers are involved, as here: ”Cox will contribute

10 percent of the equity needed to build a ＄80 million cable system” (Washington Post). Make it an. Occasionally the writer and editor together fail to note how an abbreviation is pronounced: ”He was assisted initially by two officers from the sheriff’s department and a FBI agent drafted in from the

bureau’s Cleveland office” (Chicago Tribune). When the first letter of an abbreviation is pronounced as a vowel, as in FBI, the preceding article should be an, not a.abbreviations, contractions, acronyms. Abbreviation is the general term used to describe any shortened word. Contractions and acronym

s are types of abbreviation. A contraction is a word that has been squeezed in the middle, so to speak, but has retained one or more of its opening and closing letters, as with Mr. for Mister and can’t for cannot. An acronym is a word formed from the initial letter or letters of a group of words, as

with radar for radio detecting and ranging, and NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Abbreviations that are not pronounced as words (IBM, ABC, NFL) are not acronyms; they are just abbreviations.Whether to write NATO or Nato is normally a matter of preference or house style. American publica

tions tend to capitalize all the letters of abbreviations, even when they are pronounced as words. In Britain, generally the convention is to capitalize only the initial letter when the abbreviation is pronounced as a word and is reasonably well known. Thus most British publications would write Aids

and Nato (but probably not Seato). For abbreviations of all types, try to avoid an appearance of clutter and intrusiveness. Rather than make repeated reference to ”the IGLCO” or ”NOOSCAM,” it is nearly always better to refer to the abbreviated party as ”the committee,” ”the institute,” or whatever

other word is appropriate.Finally, for the benefit of travelers who may have wondered why the British so often dispense with periods on the ends of abbreviations (writing Mr, Dr, and St where Americans would write Mr., Dr., and St.), it’s helpful to know that the convention in Britain is to include

a period when the abbreviation stops in the midst of a word (as with Capt. and Prof., for instance) but to leave off the period when the last letter of the abbreviation is the last letter of the full word--that is, when it is a contraction.accessible. Not -able.accommodate. One of the most misspelle

d of all words. Note -mm-.accompanist. Not -iest.acidulous, assiduous. Acidulous means tart or acid. Assiduous means diligent.acolyte. Not -ite.acoustics. As a science, the word is singular (”Acoustics was his line of work”). As a collection of properties, it is plural (”The acoustics in the auditor

ium were not good”).acronyms. See abbreviations, contractions, acronyms.activity. Often a sign of prolixity, as here: ”The warnings followed a week of earthquake activity throughout the region” (Independent). Just make it ”a week of earthquakes.”acute, chronic. These two are sometimes confused, whic

h is a little odd, as their meanings are sharply opposed. Chronic pertains to lingering conditions, ones that are not easily overcome. Acute refers to those that come to a sudden crisis and require immediate attention. People in the Third World may suffer from a chronic shortage of food. In a bad ye

ar, their plight may become acute.a.d. anno Domini (Lat.), ”in the year of the Lord.” a.d. should be written before the year (a.d. 25) but after the century (fourth century a.d.) and is usually set in small caps. See also anno domini and b.c.adage. Even the most careful users of English frequently,

but unnecessarily, refer to an ”old adage.” An adage is by definition old.adapter, adaptor. The first is one who adapts (as in a book for theatrical presentation); the second is the device for making appliances work abroad and so on.adjective pileup. Many journalists, in an otherwise commendable att

empt to pack as much information as possible into a confined space, often resort to the practice of piling adjectives in front of the subject, as in this London Times headline: ”Police rape claim woman in court.” Apart from questions of inelegance, such headlines can be confusing, to say the least.

A hurried reader, expecting a normal subject-verb-object construction, could at first conclude that the police have raped a claim-woman in court before the implausibility of that notion makes him go back and read the headline again. Readers should never be required to retrace their steps, however sh

ort the journey. Although the practice is most common in headlines, it sometimes crops up in text, as here: ”The new carburetor could result in an up to 35 percent improvement in gas mileage” (Des Moines Register). The ungainliness here could instantly be eliminated by making it ”an improvement in m

ileage of up to 35 percent.”administer. Not administrate.admit to is nearly always wrong, as in these examples: ”The Rev. Jesse Jackson had just admitted to fathering a child with an adoring staffer” (Baltimore Sun); ”Pretoria admits to raid against Angola” (Guardian headline); ”Botha admits to erro

rs on Machel cash” (Independent headline). Delete to in each case. You admit a misdeed, you do not admit to it.advance planning is common but always redundant. All planning must be done in advance.adverse, averse. Occasionally confused. Averse means reluctant or disinclined (think of aversion). Adve

rse means hostile and antagonistic (think of adversary).

論美國例外主義對美外交政策之影響：以歐巴馬及川普政府為例

為了解決Sign up register dif的問題，作者游力亮 這樣論述：

本文聚焦於美國例外主義及美國外交政策，首先對於美國例外主義的內涵與類型進行了較為完整的省視與整理，並從歷史層面溯源探析了其成因。在建構了美國外交政策中例外主義的衡量標準後，從此視角出發，以歐巴馬及川普政府為例，探析兩位總統的政治價值觀、外交思想及準則，並透過爬梳兩位總統執政期間外交政策中的「例外主義」元素，嘗試性論證美國例外主義對美外交政策造成的影響。文末，以結論中的研究發現以回應研究問題並指出美國例外主義正面臨的挑戰。 研究結果顯示： 一、美國例外主義對美外交政策中影響表現在兩方面，一方面表現為受「榜樣論」影響的單邊主義，另一方面為受「使命論」影響促使美國在世界

範圍內保障人權、保衛自由、拓展民主，其宏觀體現可歸結為一定程度的「單邊國際主義」；其作為一種文化價值觀、一種意識形態，在歐巴馬、川普執政時期發展成為了不同版本。 二、因美國例外主義內生的矛盾性——榜樣與干預的路線之爭，使歐巴馬及川普總統為主導的美國對外政策呈現出兩個維度的對立：自由主義和保守主義的對立，多邊主義與單邊主義的對立。 三、歐巴馬側重以「軟實力」、「巧實力」推進美國外交，巧妙地將「例外干預」的外交行為掩於美國例外主義價值之下。而川普卻與歐巴馬大相徑庭，美例外主義對其的影響更多是較負面的，川普將美國例外主義作為遂行「美國優先」外交政策的工具，直接導致美國外交

政策中的道義感迅速衰退。