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擠壓膨發食品與即食粥開發加工技術研究

為了解決糙米棒的問題，作者謝豐全 這樣論述：

第壹章 緒論.........................................1第一節 前言.........................................1第二節 研究目的.........................................1第貳章 文獻回顧.........................................2第一節 擠壓膨發技術.........................................2一、擠壓膨發介紹.........................................2二

、膨發機種類.........................................4三、擠壓變因影響膨發因素.........................................6四、擠壓過程中食物原物料營養成分的變化.........................................10第二節 膨發材料簡介.........................................18一、糙米(Brown rice).........................................18二、香菇柄(shiitake mushroom

stipes).........................................18三、大豆分離蛋白(soy protein isolate；SPI).........................................21第參章 材料與方法.........................................22第一節.實驗設計.........................................22第二節.實驗材料與設備.........................................27一、實驗材料...........

..............................27二、實驗設備.........................................27第三節分析方法.........................................28一、擠壓機套筒溫度測量.........................................28二、一般組成分分析.........................................29(一)水分含量測定(Moisture).........................................29(

二)粗灰分含量測定(Ash).........................................29(三)粗蛋白質含量測定(Crude protein).........................................30(四)粗脂肪含量測定(Crude Fat).........................................30(五)粗纖維含量測定(Crude Fat).........................................31(六)碳水化合物測定(Carbohydrate)......................

...................31三、物理性質分析.........................................32(一)徑向膨發率(radial expansion ratio).........................................32(二)縱向膨發率(Longitudinal expansion ratio).........................................32(三)吸水性指標(Water absorption index ; WAI)與水溶性指標(Water solubility index; WSI

).........................................32(四)產品假密度(Bulk density).........................................33(五)膨發米菓官能品評分析(Sensory evaluation).........................................33(六) 結塊率測定.........................................35(七) 沖調穩定性.........................................35(八) 香菇即食粥感官

品評測試.........................................35第四章 結果與討論.........................................38第一節 擠壓機套筒溫度對糙米擠壓膨發的影響結果與討論.........................................38一、 單軸擠壓膨發機溫度設定分析.........................................38(一)擠壓套筒溫度量測.........................................38(二)物料滯留時間變化........

.................................43二、糙米原料之一般組成分分析.........................................45(一)水分含量對擠壓膨發影響分析.........................................45(二)粗蛋白質含量對擠壓膨發影響分析.........................................46(三)粗脂肪含量對擠壓膨發影響分析.........................................47(四)粗纖維含量對擠壓膨發影響分析...........

..............................47(五)醣類含量對擠壓膨發影響分析.........................................48(六)灰份含量對擠壓膨發影響分析.........................................49三、物理性質分析.........................................49(一)米菓色澤(color analysis).........................................49(二)徑向膨發率(Radial expansion ratio)與

縱向膨發率(longitudinal expansion).........................................51(三)空氣泡分析(Porosity analysis).........................................54(四)吸水性指標(WAI).........................................57(五)水溶性指標(WSI).........................................60(六)產品假密度(Bulk density)........................

.................60(七).官能品評分析(Sensory evaluation).........................................65第二節 纖維質與蛋白質對擠壓膨發的影響.........................................67一、色澤分析(Color analysis).........................................67二、徑向膨發率分析(radial expansion analysis).........................................71三、

綜向膨發率分析(Longitudinal expansion analysis).........................................74四、孔隙度分析(Porosity analysis).........................................76五、體積與假密度(Volume and Bulk density).........................................81六、吸水性指標(Water absorption index ; WAI)...................................

......84七、水溶性指標 (Water solubility index; WSI)).........................................87第三節 高蛋白香菇沖調粥的配方工藝優化.........................................90一、結塊率測定.........................................90二、沖調穩定性.........................................92三、官能品評分析.........................................

95第陸章 結論與建議.........................................98REFERENCE.........................................100表目錄表一、香菇的化學成分含量.........................................20表二、膨發糙米米果點心品評試驗表.........................................34表三、即食粥感官品評分析表.........................................36表四、糙米化學成分分析.........

................................45表五、擠壓膨發產品徑向膨發率與縱向膨發率之測量結果.........................................53表六、擠壓膨發產品吸水性指標與水溶性指標之測定結果.........................................58表七、擠壓膨發米菓產品假密度之測定結果.........................................63表八、擠壓膨發產品孔隙度測定結果.........................................77表九、擠壓膨發產品

假密度之測定結果.........................................82表十、擠壓膨發產品吸水性指標之測定結果.........................................85表十一、擠壓膨發米菓產品水溶性指標之測定結果.........................................88表十二、即食粥感官評價測定結果.........................................96 圖目錄圖一、擠壓機套筒溫度對糙米擠壓膨發之影響實驗流程圖...................................

......24圖二、粗纖維、蛋白質含量對擠壓膨發品質的影響研究實驗流程圖.........................................25圖三、香菇即食粥最佳沖泡條件實驗流程圖.........................................26圖四、單軸擠壓機套筒與螺紋截面圖.........................................40圖五、擠壓機套筒各點溫度變化.........................................41圖六、單軸擠壓機套筒紅外線溫度感應熱成像圖.....................

....................42圖七、物料滯留於套筒內之時間變化.........................................44圖八、糙米擠壓膨發產品外觀.........................................50圖九、糙米擠壓膨發米菓產品內部顯微結構.........................................55圖十、不同套筒溫度之膨發米菓產品孔隙度測量結果.........................................56圖十一、擠壓膨發米菓產品吸水性指標..................

.......................59圖十二、擠壓膨發米菓產品水溶性指標.........................................59圖十三、擠壓膨發米菓產品假密度之測定結果.........................................63圖十四、擠壓膨發米菓產品體積之測定結果.........................................64圖十五、不同套筒溫度膨發米菓產品感官品評分析表.........................................66圖十六、添加不同含量香菇柄之膨發米菓產品外觀..

.......................................69圖十七、添加不同含量之SPI膨發米菓產品外觀.........................................70圖十八、擠壓膨發米菓產品徑向膨發率之測量結果.........................................73圖十九、擠壓膨發米菓產品縱向膨發率之測量結果.........................................75圖二十、擠壓膨發米菓產品孔隙度測量結果.........................................77圖二

十一、擠壓膨發米菓產品內部顯微結構.........................................79圖二十二、香菇柄擠壓膨發米菓內部顯微結構(放大100倍).........................................80圖二十三、擠壓膨發米菓產品假密度之測定結果.........................................82圖二十四、擠壓膨發產品體積之測定結果.........................................83圖二十五、擠壓膨發米菓產品吸水性指標之測定結果.....................

....................86圖二十六、擠壓膨發米菓產品水溶性指標測定結果.........................................89圖二十七、擠壓膨發米菓產品結塊率之測定結果.........................................91圖二十八、擠壓膨發產品之沖調穩定性測量結果.........................................93圖二十九、不同成分之膨發產品之沖調穩定性.........................................94圖三十、即食粥感官品評分析雷達圖......

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