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Complications in Neurosurgery

為了解決Oceanian的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Professor Keki E. Turel graduated from Grant Medical College and J.J Group of Hospitals, one of the oldest in Mumbai and India. He got his P.G degree (Masters in Surgery) in neurosurgery in 1975, FABCNS [Fellow (Diplomate) of the American Board of Clinical Neurological Surgery, USA] in 1991, FAANaOS

[Fellow (Diplomate) of the American Academy [Board] of Neurological & Orthopedic Medicine and Surgery, USA] in 1991, and was bestowed with Honorary FRCS (Edinburgh) without examination in 2002. He is former Head (1994-2011) and current Professor Emeritus of the Department of Neurosurgery of the Bom

bay Hospital (Mumbai, India). He is past President of the Asian Oceanian Skull Base Society (1997-1999), Bombay Neurosciences Association (2007-2008), of which he was the founder in 2002, Madjid Samii Conference of International Neurosurgeons (2007-2009), Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica (2009-201

1), Neurological Society of India (2011-2012). He remains the President of Skull Base Trust of India, since its inception in 1998. He organized landmark conferences in Mumbai while presiding over those associations and was Chairman and Organizer of the first ever ’International Conference on Complic

ations in Neurosurgery’ (March 3-5, 2017).Dr. Mikhail F. Chernov has completed his medical education and neurosurgical training in St. Petersburg, Russia. In 2000 he had international fellowship of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons in the Department of Neurosurgery of The University of Texas MD

Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA). From 2000 he had studying and currently working in Tokyo Women’s Medical University (Tokyo, Japan) holding position of Assistant Professor of the Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery. He is author of >100 scientific papers, and editor of the Acta Neurochirurg

ica Supplement Volume 116 ＂Gamma Knife Neurosurgery in the Management of Intracranial Disorders＂ and Progress in Neurological Surgery Volumes 30-32 ＂Intracranial Gliomas.＂ He was Executive Director of the Asian Gamma Knife Academy (2013-2016), Board Member and Co-chair of the Education Committee of

the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (2015-2019), and member of the Radiosurgery Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Socieites (from 2017 up to date). Dr. Hrishikesh Sarkar completed residency from one of the premier neurosurgical institute in Asia - Christian Medical C

ollege and Hospital (Vellore, India). He had fellowship in minimally invasive and endoscopic neurosurgery in Hirslanden Klinik (Zurich, Switzerland) and a brief training in neuromodulation in Karolinska University (Stockholm, Sweden). He has publications in leading indexed, peer reviewed, national/i

nternational neurosurgery journals and contributed to CME textbooks of Neurological Society of India. He is currently working as Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon in Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India. He was Co-Organizer of the first ever ’International Conference on Complications in N

eurosurgery’ (March 3-5, 2017).

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所得不均與政府支出：跨國實證分析

為了解決Oceanian的問題，作者李亭羲 這樣論述：

本研究採用2007年至2018年間43個國家之樣本資料，以普通最小平方法檢測所得不均與政府各項支出之間的關係，其中政府各項支出包含社會福利支出、教育支出、醫療支出與總支出之四項支出。本研究並進一步討論不同的區域地理位置、民主程度以及經濟發展程度的因素下，所得不均與各項政府支出關係間是否產生變化。根據本文實證結果發現如下：首先，在全體國家下，所得不均與政府社會福利支出、教育支出、醫療支出以及總支出皆存在顯著U型關係。第二，依照區域地理位置劃分，在美洲地區國家，所得不均與政府醫療支出或總支出之間的關係，皆為顯著U型；在歐洲地區國家，所得不均僅與政府教育支出為顯著U型關係；在亞洲及大洋洲地區國家，

所得不均與政府社會福利支出或總支出，皆為顯著U型關係。第三，依照民主程度劃分，在專制政權國家中，所得不均與政府各項支出皆不具顯著性；在混合政權及部分民主國家中，所得不均與政府各項支出皆為顯著U型關係；在完全民主國家中，所得不均與政府教育支出、醫療支出或是總支出，皆為顯著U型關係。第四，依照經濟發展程度劃分，在已開發國家中，所得不均與政府教育支出以及醫療支出，皆為顯著U型關係；在開發中國家，所得不均與政府各項支出皆為顯著U型關係。

Historical Archaeology of Early Modern Colonialism in Asia-pacific: The Asia-pacific Region

為了解決Oceanian的問題，作者Berrocal, María Cruz (EDT)/ Tsang, Cheng-Hwa (EDT) 這樣論述：

?The essential source for scholarly reassessment of the Asia-Pacific region's diverse and significant archaeology and history. James P. Delgado, coauthor of The Maritime Landscape of the Isthmus of Panam� Underpins a nuanced picture of Asia-Pacific that shows how the activities of the Chinese and

Japanese in East Asia, the spread of Islam from South Asia, and the efforts of the Iberians and especially the Spanish from southern Europe ushered in a world of complex interaction and rapid and often profound change in local, regional, and wider cultural patterns. Ian Lilley, editor of Archaeolog

y of Oceania: Australia and the Pacific Islands The history of Asia-Pacific since 1500 has traditionally been told with Europe as the main player ushering in a globalized, capitalist world. But these volumes help decentralize that global history, revealing that preexisting trade networks and local a

uthorities influenced the region before and long after Europeans arrived. In the volume The Southwest Pacific and Oceanian Regions, case studies from Alofi, Vanuatu, the Marianas, Hawai?i, Guam, and Taiwan compare the development of colonialism across different islands. Contributors discuss human se

ttlement before the arrival of Dutch, French, British, and Spanish explorers, tracing major exchange routes that were active as early as the tenth century. They highlight rarely examined sixteenth- and seventeenth-century encounters between indigenous populations and Europeans and draw attention to

how cross-cultural interaction impacted the local peoples of Oceania. The volume The Asia-Pacific Region looks at colonialism in the Philippines, China, Japan, and Vietnam, emphasizing the robust trans-regional networks that existed before European contact. Southeast Asia had long been influenced by

Buddhist, Hindu, and Muslim traders in ways that helped build the region's ethnic and political divisions. Essays show the complexity and significance of maritime trade during European colonization by investigating galleon wrecks in Manila, Japan's porcelain exports, and Spanish coins discovered of

f China's coast. Packed with archaeological and historical evidence from both land and underwater sites, impressive in geographical scope, and featuring perspectives of scholars from many different countries and traditions, these volumes illuminate the often misunderstood nature of early colonialism

in Asia-Pacific.

森林崩塌復育及影響因子分析

為了解決Oceanian的問題，作者林國聖 這樣論述：

台灣地理位置特殊，容易受到地震與颱風等天然災害影響，造成山區森林大面積崩塌，但崩塌後植被復育的情況及機制的研究卻相當稀少，因此探討森林崩塌後植被復育趨勢是重要的。本文以南投縣神木村集水區作為研究區，分析莫拉克颱風後森林崩塌復育情形，比較不同觀測季節下常態化差異植生指標（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）及常態化燃燒比（Normalized Burn Ratio, NBR）的復育動態差異。並將崩塌地分為小型、中型及大型崩塌地規模和下段、中段及上段等不同位置，以變異數分析比較崩塌地不同規模和不同位置的植生量是否有顯著差異。最後以地形、距離參

數及植被因子作為自變數，建立線性複迴歸模型探討影響植被復育的重要因子。植生指標復育差異結果說明相同的植生指標在夏季及冬季的復育趨勢及恢復年數沒有明顯差異，不同植生指標方面則為NDVI恢復較NBR快，恢復至干擾前80%及100%水準相差約4年和9年，但尚需更多研究確認植生指標與植被結構關係。崩塌地規模及位置的分析說明不同位置的復育趨勢差異較小，小型崩塌地裡下段植生量最低，大型崩塌地裡中段植生量最低，大型崩塌地不論是整體或是哪個位置的復育情況皆是最差的。影響復育的因子說明初期的殘留植被形塑有利於植被生長的微棲地條件，對於後期植被復育有最大的影響力，另外森林距離遠近、再干擾頻率高低及土壤水分含量等也

會影響植被復育。