韓劇電影你都看哪一部呢？論文書籍站
proximal醫學中文的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列線上看、影評和彩蛋懶人包
proximal醫學中文的問題，我們搜遍了碩博士論文和台灣出版的書籍，推薦[德]弗里登•克什鮑默寫的 骨科手術入路圖解 可以從中找到所需的評價。
另外網站解剖學 人體方位術語@ Yoga Zoo 兒童瑜伽動物園 - 隨意窩也說明：例如：前臂外側為橈骨，小腿外側為腓骨。 Away from the midline. 3.近端(Proximal)：靠近軀幹或身體中線，專指四肢 ...
臺北醫學大學 保健營養學系碩士班 夏詩閔所指導 陳儀滋的 L-半胱胺酸在體內和體外實驗對順鉑引起男性生殖之損傷影響 （2021），提出proximal醫學中文關鍵因素是什麼，來自於化療藥物Cisplatin、L-半胱胺酸、男性生殖損傷。
而第二篇論文國立陽明交通大學 跨領域神經科學國際研究生博士學位學程 王桂馨、李怡萱所指導 王李馨的 探討在神經退化性疾病中調控核醣核酸結合蛋白MBNL2表現之機轉 （2021），提出因為有 核醣核酸結合蛋白MBNL2、蛋白分解酵素Calpain-2、神經興奮性毒性、肌強直型肌肉萎縮症、阿茲海默症、神經退化、核醣核酸剪接的重點而找出了 proximal醫學中文的解答。
最後網站腎小管細胞衰老 - 政府研究資訊系統GRB則補充：（human proximal epithelial tubular cell, HK2），這是一種上皮細胞中胚 ... 中文計畫摘要前言及目的: 腎小管是腎臟的主要組成部分，容易因缺氧、毒素和衰老而受傷。
骨科手術入路圖解
為了解決proximal醫學中文 的問題，作者[德]弗里登•克什鮑默 這樣論述：
本書為國際上最為經典的描述骨科與創傷外科手術入路的圖譜之一，被美國骨科醫師協會列入美國骨科專科醫師培訓階段推薦書目，即PGY2階段閱讀節目。其通過新穎的編寫理念、簡潔的文字風格以及精美的手術解剖插圖表現出來的手術入路展示方式，重新定義了臨床教授骨科手術入路的方式和規範。自1987年第1版問世後本書便得到了業內的高度讚譽，是臨床骨科醫生案頭必備的參考書。 新版沿承了第1版的編寫風格，包括四個部分，按照人體的部位逐步展開，包括脊柱（前路和後路）、骨盆與下肢、肩部與上肢，基本涵蓋了臨床上常用的各個部位手術入路。對每一種入路的介紹包括主要適應證、患者準備、體位、麻醉和切口、顯露、傷口關閉。其中重點
部分為“顯露”，以大量繪製精美、解剖層次清晰細緻的線條圖，結合精練的文字說明，將手術顯露的過程一步步清晰地展現給讀者。 Fridun Kerschbaumer,德國法蘭克福紅十字醫院骨科主任、教授；Kuno Weise,德國圖賓根大學創傷醫院主席、教授；Carl Joachim Wirth,德國漢諾威醫學院骨科主任、教授；Alexander R.Vaccaro,美國賓夕法尼亞Thomas Jefferson大學骨科主任、教授。 脊柱，前路手術 Spine, Anterior Approaches /1 1 頸椎與頸胸椎交界區 Cervical Spine
and Cervicothoracic Junction /2 1.1 C1~C2（C3）經口入路 /2 Transoropharyngeal Approach C1-C2(C3) 1.2 C3~T2 前方入路 /4 Anterior Approach to the Cervical Spine C3-T2 1.3 下頸椎及上胸椎前方入路（Cauchoix，Binet 及 Evrard 入路）/13 Anterior Approach to the Lower Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine C4-T3 According to Cauchoix, Bin
et, and Evrard 2 胸椎 Thoracic Spine /18 2.1 T4~T11 經胸腔入路 /18 Transthoracic Approach to the Thoracic Spine T4-T11 2.2 前方經胸膜入路顯露 T3~T11（Louis 入路）/29 Anterior Transpleural Approach to the Spine T3-T11 According to Louis 2.3 高位胸廓開胸術（T1~T4）/33 High Thoracotomy T1-T4 2.4 微創胸腔鏡輔助下胸椎手術 /37 Thoracoscopic and
Minimally Invasive, Thoracoscopy-Assisted Access to the Thoracic Spine 3 胸腰椎交界區 Thoracolumbar Junction /43 3.1 脊柱 T9~L5 水準經腹膜後胸膜外入路（Hodgson 入路）/43 Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine T9-L5 According to Hodgson 3.2 胸腰椎 T4~L5 雙重開胸入路（Bauer 入路）/55 Approach to Thoracolumbar S
pine with Two-fold Thoracotomy T4-L5 According to Bauer 3.3 腹膜後胸膜外胸腰椎 T11~L5 入路（Mirbaha 入路）/59 Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach to Thoracolumbar Spine T11-L5 According to Mirbaha 4 腰椎及腰骶椎交界區 Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction /65 4.1 經腹膜後入路顯露 L2~L5 /65 Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar
Spine L2-L5 4.2 經腹膜入路顯露腰骶椎交界區（L4~S1）/69 Transperitoneal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction L4-S1 4.3 微創經側方入路顯露 L2~L5 /73 Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine L2-L5 脊柱，後路手術 Spine, Posterior Approaches /77 5 頸椎 Cervical Spine /78 5.1 頸椎與枕頸交界區後路手術 /78 Posterior Approach to the Cer
vical Spine and Occipitocervical Junction 6 胸椎和腰椎 Thoracic and Lumbar Spine /83 6.1 T3~T10 肋橫突關節切除入路 /83 Costotransversectomy T3-T10 6.2 胸腰椎後入路 /87 Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine 6.3 腰骶交界區 Wiltse 椎旁肌入路 /93 Paraspinal Approach to the Lumbosacral Junction According to Wiltse 6.4 椎
板切開術及椎間盤摘除術的後路短切口入路 /94 Short Posterior Approach to the Lumbar Spine for Laminotomy and Removal of an Intervertebral Disk 骨盆與下肢 Pelvis and Lower Extremity /99 7 骨盆：骨盆環 Pelvis: Pelvic Ring /100 7.1 恥骨聯合與骨盆前環入路 /100 Approach to the Symphysis and Anterior Pelvis 7.2 骨盆後環前方入路 /102 Anterior Approach to
the Posterior Pelvis 7.3 骶骨後側入路 /104 Posterior Approach to the Sacrum 7.4 置入骶髂螺釘的側方微創入路 /105 Lateral Minimally Invasive Approach for Trans-sacroiliac Screw Placement 7.5 坐骨和恥骨入路 /106 Approach to the Ischium and Pubis 8 骨盆：髖臼 Pelvis: Acetabulum /109 8.1 髂腹股溝入路（Letournel 入路）/109 Ilioinguinal Approach
According to Letournel 8.2 髖關節後側入路（Kocher-Langenbeck 入路）/114 Posterior Approach to the Hip According to Kocher-Langenbeck 8.3 前側微創入路（Stoppa 入路）/118 Anterior Limited Approach According to Stoppa 8.4 Judet 經髂骨入路 /120 Transiliac Approach According to Judet 8.5 Judet 髖臼入路 /124 Approach to the Acetabulum
According to Judet 9 髖關節 Hip Joint /128 9.1 髖關節脫位後側入路（Ganz 入路）/128 Posterior Approach to the Hip Joint with Dislocation According to Ganz 9.2 後側微創入路 /131 Posterior Minimally Invasive Approach 9.3 經臀肌入路（Bauer 入路）/135 Transgluteal Approach According to Bauer 9.4 經臀肌微創入路 /138 Minimally Invasive Transg
luteal Approach 9.5 髖關節前外側入路 /141 Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint 9.6 髖關節前外側微創入路 /145 Minimally Invasive Anterolateral Approach to the Hip Joint 9.7 髖關節前側入路 /149 Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint 9.8 前側微創入路 /152 Anterior Minimally Invasive Approach 9.9 髖關節關節鏡入路 /156 Arthroscopic Approaches
to the Hip Joint 10 股骨 Femur /161 10.1 前側入路 /161 Anterior Approach 10.2 股骨骨髓腔的外側近端入路 /164 Lateral Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Femur 10.3 股骨外側入路 /165 Lateral Approach to the Femur 10.3a 外側入路：常規顯露 /165 Lateral Approach—General Points 10.3b 外側入路：顯露股骨近端 /165 Lateral Approach—Exp
osure of the Proximal Femur 10.3c 外側入路：顯露股骨遠端 /168 Lateral Approach—Exposure of the Distal Femur 10.4 外側微創入路 /171 Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Femur 10.5 內側入路 /173 Medial Approach to the Femur 10.6 後側入路 /177 Posterior Approach to Femur 10.7 股骨遠端經關節的髓腔入路 /182 Transarticular Medullary
Cavity Approach to the Distal Femur 11 膝關節 Knee /183 11.1 前內側微創入路 /183 Anteromedial Minimally Invasive Approaches to the Knee Joint 11.2 前內側髕旁入路 /187 Anteromedial Parapatellar Approach 11.3 小切口內側入路 /193 Short Medial Approach to the Knee 11.4 前外側入路 /195 Anterolateral Approach to the Knee Joint 11.5 後
外側入路（Henderson 入路）/197 Posterolateral Approach According to Henderson 11.6 後側入路（Trickey 入路）/199 Posterior Approach to the Knee Joint According to Trickey 11.7 關節鏡入路 /204 Arthroscopic Approaches 12 小腿 Lower Leg /207 12.1 脛骨骨髓腔的近端入路 /207 Proximal Approach to the Medullary Cavity of the Tibia 12.2 脛骨平臺
的直接後側入路 /209 Direct Posterior Approach to the Tibial Plateau 12.3 脛骨平臺的後內側入路 /211 Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Plateau 12.4 經腓骨截骨的脛骨平臺後外側入路 /213 Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Plateau with Osteotomy of the Fibula 12.5 脛腓骨的後外側入路 /216 Posterolateral Approach to the Tibia and Fibula 12.6
脛骨幹的後內側入路 /220 Posteromedial Approach to the Tibial Shaft 12.7 脛骨內側和外側微創入路 /222 Minimally Invasive Approach to the Medial and Lateral Tibia 12.8 腓骨外側入路 /227 Lateral Approach to the Fibula 13 足 Foot /230 13.1 踝關節前側入路 /230 Anterior Approach to the Ankle Joint 13.2 踝關節和距跟舟關節的前外側入路 /233 Anterolateral A
pproach to the Ankle Joint and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint 13.3 Cincinnati 入路 /236 Cincinnati Approach 13.4 踝關節和距跟舟關節內側的後內側入路 /241 Posteromedial Approach to the Ankle Joint and the Medial Side of the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint 13.5 踝關節背外側入路 /246 Dorsolateral Approach to the Ankle Joint 13.6 經內踝截骨的踝
關節內側入路 /249 Medial Exposure of the Ankle Joint with Osteotomy of the Medial Malleolus 13.7 關節鏡入路 /251 Arthroscopic Approaches 13.8 內踝內側入路 /253 Medial Approach to the Medial Malleolus 13.9 外踝入路 /254 Approach to the Lateral Malleolus 13.10 跟骨外側入路 /255 Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus 13.11 跟骨和距跟舟關節的外
側入路 /256 Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus and Talocalcaneonavicular Joint 13.12 跟骨內側入路 /258 Medial Approach to the Calcaneus 13.13 距跟舟關節外側入路 /259 Lateral Approach to the Talocalcaneonavicular Joint 13.14 蹠骨關節前側入路 /262 Anterior Approach to the Metatarsal Joints 13.15 蹠跗關節內側入路 /264 Medial Approach to
the Tarsometatarsal Joints 13.16 蹠趾關節足底入路 /267 Plantar Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints 13.17 第 1 蹠趾關節內側入路 /270 Medial Approach to the Metatarsophalangeal Joint of the Great Toe 13.18 蹠骨、蹠趾關節和趾間關節後側入路 /272 Posterior Approaches to the Metatarsal Bones, Metatarsophalangeal Joint, and Interp
halangeal Joint 13.19 趾屈肌腱的足底入路 /272 Plantar Approach to the Toe Flexor Tendons 13.20 第 2 趾伸肌入路 /273 Extensor Approach to the Second Toe 肩部與上肢 Shoulder and Upper Extremity /277 14 肩胛骨與鎖骨 Scapula and Clavicle /278 14.1 鎖骨與肩鎖關節的手術入路 /278 Approach to the Clavicle and Acromioclavicular Joint 14.2 胸鎖關節的
手術入路 /280 Approach to the Sternoclavicular Joint 14.3 肩胛骨的手術入路 /281 Approach to the Scapula 15 肩關節 Shoulder /287 15.1 肩關節前方入路 /287 Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint 15.2 顯露肱骨近端的肩關節前方延長入路 /292 Extended Anterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint with Exposure of the Proximal Humerus 15.3 肩關節前上入路 /2
93 Anterosuperior Approach to the Shoulder Joint 15.4 前外側入路（Bigliani 入路）/294 Anterolateral Approach According to Bigliani 15.5 後上方入路（Gschwend 入路）/296 Posterosuperior Approach According to Gschwend 15.6 肩關節後方入路 /297 Posterior Approach to the Shoulder Joint 15.7 肩關節鏡手術入路 /299 Arthroscopic Approach to
the Shoulder 16 肱骨 Humerus /306 16.1 肱骨近端手術入路 /306 Proximal Approach to the Humerus 16.2 肱骨後方入路 /307 Posterior Approach to the Humerus 16.3 肱骨遠端後方入路 /310 Distal Posterior Approach to the Humerus 16.4 肱骨前方入路 /311 Anterior Approach to the Humerus 16.5 肱骨外側入路 /316 Lateral Approach to the Humerus 16.6 肱
骨內側入路 /319 Medial Approach to the Humerus 17 肘關節 Elbow /322 17.1 肘關節後方入路 /322 Posterior Approach to the Elbow Joint 17.2 肘關節外側入路 /329 Lateral Approach to the Elbow Joint 17.3 肘關節內側入路 /334 Medial Approach to the Elbow Joint 17.4 肘關節前方入路 /337 Anterior Approach to the Elbow Joint 17.5 肘關節鏡入路 /342 Appro
aches for Elbow Arthroscopy 18 前臂 Forearm /346 18.1 橈骨前方入路（Henry 入路）/346 Anterior Approach to the Radius According to Henry 18.2 橈骨背外側入路（Thompson 入路）/349 Dorsolateral Approach to the Radius According to Thompson 18.3 近端橈骨與尺骨手術入路（Boyd 入路）/352 Approach to the Proximal Parts of the Radius and Ulna Acco
rding to Boyd 18.4 尺骨外側入路 /354 Lateral Approach to the Ulna 18.5 橈骨遠端的背側入路 /356 Posterior Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius 18.6 尺骨遠端的手術入路 /358 Approach to the Distal Portion of the Ulna 18.7 橈骨遠端的掌側入路 /359 Palmar Approach to the Distal Part of the Radius 19 腕關節 Wrist /362 19.1 鏡下腕管松解的微創入路 /
362 Minimally Invasive Approach for Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Division 19.2 腕關節的背側入路 /365 Posterior Approach to the Wrist 19.3 腕關節的掌側入路 /368 Palmar Approach to the Wrist 19.4 腕關節鏡入路 /372 Approach for Arthroscopy 20 手部 Hand /376 20.1 手部掌側入路（Skoog 入路）/376 Approach to the Palm According to Skoog 20.2 Gu
yon 管尺神經顯露 /380 Exposure of the Ulnar Nerve in the Canal of Guyon 20.3 腕舟骨的掌側入路 /382 Palmar Approach to the Scaphoid 20.4 拇指腕掌關節的入路 /384 Approach to the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb 20.5 第 1 伸肌間室的入路 /386 Approach to the First Extensor Tendon Compartment 20.6 手背和手指的背側切口 /387 Dorsal Incisions Ov
er the Dorsum of the Hand and Fingers 20.6a 背側切口：常規顯露 /387 Dorsal Incisions—General Points 20.6b 掌指關節的背側入路 /387 Dorsal Approach to the Metacarpophalangeal Joint 20.6c 近節指間關節的背側入路 /389 Dorsal Approach to the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 20.6d 需要切斷側副韌帶的近側指間關節背側入路 /390 Dorsal Approach to the
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Involving Transection of the Collateral Ligament 20.6e 遠側指間關節的背側入路 /392 Dorsal Approach to the Distal Interphalangeal Joint 20.7 手指屈肌腱的入路 /393 Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendons 20.8 指屈肌腱和近側指間關節的掌側顯露 /395 Palmar Exposure of the Flexor Tendon and Proximal Interphal
angeal Joint 20.9 指屈肌腱的側方中線切口 /397 Approach to the Finger Flexor Tendon Via the Midlateral Incision 20.10 拇指環形韌帶的入路 /400 Approach to the Annular Ligament of the Thumb 附錄 專業術語英漢對照 /404 對於手術醫生來說，準確和清晰的入路顯露，既方便手術中完成觀察和操作，又盡可能減輕或避免手術造成的損傷，無疑是手術的最基本也是最重要的一環。直接或間接的經驗告訴我們：幾乎每一位手術醫生的成長，都是從熟悉和掌握一
種手術入路開始的。然而，當前似乎出現了一種新的現象，當然實質上還是一種假像。這主要來自兩大方面的原因。 第一，因為資訊化和網路技術的飛速發展，通過互聯網和移動終端似乎可以隨手獲取各種手術方法和技術的資源，讓外科醫生特別是年輕的外科醫生獲得了便捷、高效的學習途徑。這無疑是科技發展帶來的巨大裨益，但也容易為外科醫生帶來另一個“誘惑”，那就是直接獲取手術操作特別是各種固定技術的細節，而忽視了手術前期的一些重要技術細節，特別是手術入路的選擇和實施。 第二，因為外科技術也在日新月異地發展，微創、導航、機器人輔助等技術不斷被應用於臨床，毫無疑問這是外科技術發展的一個重要趨勢，但也帶來一個新的問題，
少數醫生因為個人興趣的原因或者單位（團隊）規劃的原因，直接掌握了這些微創的手術技術，但還沒有掌握足夠的相應的開放手術技術。在他們看來，似乎很多傳統的手術入路是過時的或者無用的。 然而，從我從事骨科醫生這個職業26年來的體會來看，這種想法是錯誤的，有時甚至是有一定危險的。作為一名成熟和負責任的手術醫生，熟練掌握與將要施行的手術相關的所有入路其實是非常重要的。因為，對入路的熟悉和掌握就意味著對手術局部解剖的熟悉和掌握。 而且，任何一種手術計畫在手術過程中都可能因為具體情況變化而變得不合適或者不可行，這時候就需要隨時切換成替代方案。而這在計畫的微創或導航手術中就隨時可能發生，而替代手術方案往往
是常規的開放性手術。因此，“開展微創手術之前，應該先有開展常規開放性手術的基礎”的說法可能不一定那麼絕對，但在當前往往還是有道理的。所以，無論開放性手術還是微創手術，手術者都應當儘快熟練掌握與之相關的所有入路和手術技術，這一點是非常重要的。 很高興有機會和志同道合的同行一起，利用繁忙的醫教研工作之餘的點滴時間，將這部權威的專著翻譯成中文，奉獻給大家。作為美國骨科醫師協會（AAOS）推薦的臨床培訓和考試書目，本書的價值和實用性無須贅述。我們希望這本最新版的《骨科手術入路圖解》，能為大家帶來一點幫助，並受到你們的喜愛。 張 偉 主任醫師，博士生導師 上海交通大學附屬第六人民醫院骨科 2019
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L-半胱胺酸在體內和體外實驗對順鉑引起男性生殖之損傷影響
為了解決proximal醫學中文 的問題，作者陳儀滋 這樣論述：
臨床常見治療癌症之化療藥物Cisplatin (CIS)造成睪丸功能障礙之副作用會影響男性生殖功能。睪丸內細胞因氧化壓力增加會促使發炎反應，細胞走向凋亡損傷，亦會發生精子生成異常，最終造成睪丸功能性受損。而L-半胱胺酸 (L-cysteine, CYS)因具有強大抗氧化、抗發炎等功效，但至今對男性生殖影響之相關機制研究尚未明確證實，故本研究目的為考慮臨床輔助治療之應用，以體內及體外模式探討CYS對CIS造成男性生殖損傷之相關改善效應。體外實驗利用TM3及TM4小鼠睪丸細胞株，以MTS試驗及結晶紫染色測定細胞存活率，以Western blot測定血睪障壁、發炎及細胞凋亡相關蛋白表現。結果顯示，
CYS可顯著恢復CIS誘導TM3及TM4細胞存活率，並減少Caspase3、PARP、Bax凋亡相關蛋白表現，同時降低TM3細胞NLRP3及COX2發炎相關蛋白表現，且增加TM4細胞ZO-1結構蛋白表現。亦以CIS建立誘導睪丸損傷之動物模式，實驗期21天後，發現CYS可顯著降低睪丸組織及精子結構損傷，維持血清睪固酮濃度，恢復精子存活狀態，並且減少睪丸PARP蛋白表現。因此，本研究表明L-cysteine可改善Cisplatin對男性生殖之不利影響，顯示L-cysteine具有輔助臨床Cisplatin藥物治療下對男性生殖功能損傷之保護潛力。
探討在神經退化性疾病中調控核醣核酸結合蛋白MBNL2表現之機轉
為了解決proximal醫學中文 的問題，作者王李馨 這樣論述：
中文摘要 iAbstract iiContents iiiIntroduction 1Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) 1Cerebral involvement of adult-onset DM1 2Genetic basis of DM1 4Molecular mechanism in DM1 4Mouse models of DM1 with expression of CUG repeats 6RNA-binding protein: Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family
8MBNL1 and MBNL2 knockout mice 9Calcium-dependent cysteine protease: Calpain 11Calpain-1 and -2 11Calpain-1 and -2 deficient mice 12Calpain-1 and -2 in neurodegeneration 13Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 14Disease stages of AD 14Clinical presentations of AD 15Brain atrophy of AD
15Two pathological hallmarks of AD 16The aims of the study 20Materials and methods 211. Animals 212. Primary hippocampal neuron culture, drug treatment, virus infection and transfection 213. Cell culture and transient transfection 234. Total protein extraction and sub
cellular fractionation 245. Immunoprecipitation (IP) 256. Immunoblotting analysis 257. RNA preparation, RT-PCR and splicing analysis 268. Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry 279. Quantification of fluorescent images of brain sections 2910. Quantif
ication of fluorescent images of neurons 3011. Antibodies 3012. Plasmids 3113. Statistical analysis 31Results 331. Characterize the role of MBNL2 in neuronal maturation1.1. MBNL2 is expressed postnatally and increased as neuronal maturation 331.2. MBNL2 expression
is required for promoting adult pattern of RNA processingand neuronal differentiation 342. Determine how neurodegenerative conditions reduce MBNL2 expression2.1. Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity reduces MBNL2 protein expression viaNMDAR activation 352.2. NMDAR-mediated Calpain-2 acti
vation causes MBNL2 protein degradation 362.3. Calcium-dependent nuclear translocation of CAPN2 is associated with reducedMBNL2 expression 382.4. Dysregulated calcium homeostasis reduces MBNL2 expression 392.5. Enhanced nuclear translocation of CAPN2 occurs in the EpA960/CamKII-Cre
brain 402.6. Enhanced nuclear translocation of CAPN2 in neurodegeneration recapitulates thefetal developmental pattern 413. Explore the possibility of the reduced MBNL2 expression associated re-induced fetalpattern of RNA processing as a common feature among neurodegenerative disorders3.
1. Enhanced nuclear translocation of CAPN2, reduced MBNL2 expression and associated aberrant MBNL2-regulated alternative splicing in the degenerative brains of AD 41Discussion 44Perspective 48References 49List of figuresFigure 1. MBNL2 is expressed postnatally and increased with bra
in maturation 64Figure 2. MBNL2 is expressed in the more differentiated cells during hippocampusmaturation 65Figure 3. MBNL2 is expressed ubiquitously in the adult mouse brain 66Figure 4. MBNL2 is expressed in the neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes 67Figure 5. The knockdown
efficiency of MBNL2 shRNAs in cultured neurons 68Figure 6. The alternative splicing and polyadenylation of MBNL2 targets show a fetal to adult transition during neuronal differentiation 70Figure 7. MBNL2 depletion disrupts the developmental RNA processing transition in cultured neurons
71Figure 8. MBNL2 depletion impairs dendrite maturation in cultured neurons 72Figure 9. Glutamate treatment induces excitotoxicity in mature cultured neurons showing condensed nucleus 74Figure 10. Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity reduces MBNL2 protein level in mature cultured neurons 75
Figure 11. Glutamate reduces MBNL2 level via NMDAR activation in cultured neurons 77Figure 12. NMDAR-mediated MBNL2 reduction is calcium dependent 78Figure 13. The alternative splicing and polyadenylation of MBNL2 targets are disrupted in neurons treated with glutamate or NMDA 79Figure 14.
MBNL2 mRNA level is unchanged in cultured neurons treated with glutamate or NMDA 81Figure 15. MBNL2 protein is stable in the neurons 82Figure 16. NMDAR signaling-mediated MBNL2 reduction requires calpain activity incultured neurons 83Figure 17. Protein expression of CAPN1 and CAPN2 are alte
red in NMDA-treatedneurons 84Figure 18. MBNL2 binds to both CAPN1 and CAPN22 in HEK293 cells 85Figure 19. Knockdown efficiency of CAPN1 or CAPN2 shRNAs in neurons 86Figure 20. NMDAR-mediated calpain-2 activation causes MBNL2 degradation inneurons 87Figure 21. Depletion of CAPN2 preserves
MBNL2-regulated alternative splicing andpolyadenylation in neurons upon NMDA treatment 88Figure 22. CAPN2 is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of mature neurons 90Figure 23. NMDA treatment induces the nuclear translocation of CAPN2 in neurons 91Figure 24. NMDAR-mediated MBNL2 reduct
ion requires calpain-2 expression in thenucleus and cytoplasm of neurons 92Figure 25. NMDA-induced nuclear translocation of CAPN2 requires calcium 93Figure 26. Nuclear translocation of CAPN2 involves in MBNL2 degradation 94Figure 27. Dysregulated calcium homeostasis induces the nuclear tran
slocation of CAPN2 and reduced MBNL2 expression in neurons 95Figure 28. CAPN2 depletion preserves MBNL2 expression in the neurons with dysregulated calcium homeostasis 96Figure 29. Effect of CAPN2 depletion on the RNA processing pattern of MBNL2 targets in A23187-treated neurons 97Figure 30
. CAPN2 nuclear translocation is occurred in the EpA960/CaMKII-Cre mouse brains 98Figure 31. Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic distribution of CAPN2 during neuronal differentiation 99Figure 32. Nuclear translocation of CAPN2 occurs in the APP/PS1 and THY-Tau22brains 100Figure 33. Reduced MBNL2 express
ion in the APP/PS1 and THY-Tau22 brains 101Figure 34. Aberrant MBNL2-regulated alternative splicing in the APP/PS1 and THY-Tau22 brains 102